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Reeducation in Romanian communist prisons was a series of processes initiated after the installment of the communist regime at the end of the second world war, that targeted the people who were considered hostile to the party, the political prisoners, both from the established prisons and labor camps. The purpose of the process was the indoctrination of the hostile elements with the Marxist–Leninist ideology, that would lead to the failure of any active or passive resistance movement. Reeducation was either non-violent – e.g. via communist propaganda – or violent, as it was done in the Pitești and Gherla prisons. ==Theoretical background== The theoretical foundation for the communist version of the reeducation process was provided by the principles defined by Anton Semioniovici Makarenko, a russian educator born in 1888 in Ukraine. Having as background no more than a one-year teaching course, he serves from 1920 until 1932 as the leader of rogue delinquent children colonies. The principles used in the education of these children were later enunciated in his works ''The Teaching Poem'' and ''March of the Year '30''. Makarenko's teachings practically fit the communist ideology. They are based on the collective, as a social group, a central idea of the general soviet pedagogy, and not on the individual person. This goes in contrast with the capitalist pedagogy – the so-called bourgeois teachings – which focuses on the individual. The collective is seen as an organization with common ideological characteristics and leadership, which resembles that of the communist party. Yet the main idea consists in the noticed distinction between education and reeducation. If the education of an individual involves a time lengthy evolution process, his reeducation can only be done through a so-called explosion, a ''shock'' that would shatter his old principles and make him far more receptive to the new ideas. The explosion referenced by Makarenko takes part itself within the collective. The new born product of reeducation – not able to find any way out – seeks salvation by integration in the very same group that cornered him. Soon, there is no individual anymore, just the group. This educational principle will be the foundation of the Pitești reeducation process. Another important factor was the definition of morality itself. As enunciated by Lenin, any action that seeks the well-fair of the party is considered moral, while any action that harms it is immoral. As such, moral itself is a relative concept, it follows the needs of the group. A certain attitude shall be regarded as moral at a given time, while immoral at another moment; in order to decide, the person must respect the program as defined by the collective(the party). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Reeducation in Communist Romania」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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